Nebulizer of liquids.



J. H. STRINGHAM. NEBULIZER 0F LIQUIDS.

y APPLIOATION FILED rma. 5, 190s.

1,082,777.A Patented De@.3o,1913.

I To all wltom'z't may concern: I

f NITED PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN HENRY STRINGH'AM, 0F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW loonIBUsTIoN COMPANY, JERSEY.

I NEBULIZER OF LIQUIDS.

Patented Dee. 3o, 1913.

` Application filed February 5 1908. Serial No. 414,407.

Be it known that I, JOHN HENRY STRING- HAM, a citizen of the United States of' America, and a resident of Jersey City, New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Nebulizers of Liquids, the principles of. which are set forth in the following specification and accompanying drawings, which disclose the forml of the invention which I now consider to be the best of the various forms in which said prin# ciples maybe embodied. Y

This invention relates to nebulizers of liquids, that is, apparatus for causing liquids, and particularly fuel-oils and gas oils',

' to assume the form of. an extremely tine mist; and the invention particularly relates to nebuliz'ers of the free centrifugal type hereinafter disclosed, wherein the centrifugal action is obtained, notl by moving parts or by stationary bailes in the passage or by the impact of an elastic aeriform fluid, but by the direction of admissioninto the passage. n y

An important object attained bythe invention is the ability to employ an vauxiliar-y fluid .or aeriform body, for certain useful purposes to be described, in such way as to avoid the impact or hammering action of the same upon the liquid to be nebulized. Other objects and results to be hereinafter described are also obtained. f

The results accomplished by theinvention are various and important, and include in nebulizers of the centrifugal type of this invention, the property of 'regulation within wide limitsof the amount. used of the liquids to be nebulized, and while permitting such regulation, the ability to produce a tineness of oil nebulization 'neverv before attained, even by means of the invention of prior Patent No.-876,108 of which I was one of the joint inventors, particularly when there is employed, in cooperation with this invention, as is possible, the small dimen.

sions of the apparatus of said patent. One of the other important results is the attainment, particularly advantageous in the use of the invention asan oil burner, of a supply of oxidizing fluid so thoroughly and inti mately admixed withthe extremely tine pai'- ticles of oil nebulae, as to constitute a product ofheavy oil possessing a wholly novel order of combustibility and explosiveness.

, Of the drawings, which are three-quarter Iof the y the .supply pipes.

complete ply pipes' and the left, and the globe Gr prior burner art at the right, the inventlon (shown in Fig 1 particularly at S and V) being here adapted as a nebulizer for use as an oil burner; Fig. 2 is a central longitudlnal section of the invention, shown scale, Figure 1 is an elevation of a apparatus, including the sup valves A and O at in particular at the extreme right, (at S andv V), and provided .with a cooling iiuicl circulation apparatus U, the invention being here adapted, as by the provision of cooling means, for use as a nebulizer in a gas manufacturing apparatus; Figs. 3 and 4 are sections of the nebulizing'plug V of Figs. 1 and 2 alon the lines.3-3, and 4 4, re-

spectively'o Fig. 2; and Fig. 5 is an elevation of a nebulizing plug vV like that of Figs. 1-4, except that it is provided with a plurality of inlets for each :of the two sets of inlet means A? and Oe of the invention.v

The extreme rightI end of Fig. 2, showing the present invention adapted for use in a gas ..manufacturing apparatus, is a section ofsubstantially the same apparatus (the support Sand -nebulizing Vplug V) as is shown in Fig. l between the valves A, O, and globe G, wherein the invention is shown adapted for use as an oil burner, the only difference between the two ligures as to tlie support S being that its shoulder D (Fig. l), D (Fig. 2), and threaded part T (Fig.

1), and T (Fig. 2) are reversed in the two cases; in Fig. 1 the part T being at the right to permit the attachment of globe G, and in Fig. th same part T being at the left to permit screwing into the cooling fluid4 circulator U.

Theextreme compactness of the construction and arrangement of parts S and Vcan be seen in Figs. 1 and 2, these parts being the only essential parts of a burner except The oil burner of Fig. 1 may be used without globe G if desired, and in that case the threads T of` part Scan engage directly in the wall of a combustion chamber in a case Where the burner is not used outside of any such chamber.

In Fig. 1 the supply pipes A and O' en? gage directly in the support S, but in Fig. 2 the pipes all and O9 are castin one piece with a collar- Q. In Fig. 2 the pipes A2 and O2, which are the ones engaging directly in the support S, extend through the interior of the cooling fluid circulat-or U llO a passage and through a second collar'E to com# municate with the pipes A interlocking packing means, as shown, to prevent leakage of the waterl or of other cooling luid. `The water inlet is at B extending longitudinally through collars C and E, and the water outlet at a pipe F vengaging in an elbow passage L in collar E.

The right hand ends of pipes'Az, O2 of Fig. 2 (A and O of Fig. 1) are screwed into recesses A3, Os (Fig. 2), and from these recesses ,extend passages A", Oinsupport S' toits large central recess into which plug V is screwed by its threads R. Plug V has Z and an outlet H (to be described in detail) through its head, which is hexagonal to readily permit'screwing into support S. The left end 'of passage Z may be .fclosed by plug.K, and inlet passages A and "O extend through the wall of plug V into passage Z, as shown, preferablyin a plane at right angles to the axis of sald passage.

and one or preferabl both entering passage Z eccentrically, -as s own, and both preferably extending in the same clockwise or anticlockwise direction/with respect to the periphery o f passage Z. The inlet passagesare preferably so located at successive points along'the axis of passage Z, that passage O" is intermediate passage A and outlet H, z'. e., so that-passage A is slightly more remote fro-1n outlet H than is passage O, passage A being therefore behind passage 0"; but the two paSSagesA and 0 are located as closelytogether as a suiciency of project- Acess into two smaller chambers Al5 and O5,

and the proportions are such that when the closing 'plugK strikes the left end of the chamber A, as shown, the inletpassages A,

O" register and are in communication ,With

. the separate chambers A, O5. A copper washer W is preferably interposed between lthe right end of support S and the hexagon' head of plug V. Y

In construction the outer-surface of part V is turned down to theproper dimensions for thread R and for the proper length of passages A", O, and then the threads R are cut. Passage 0 maybe embodied in any desired manner in the structure consisting of the parts V and K or any equivale-nt structure, provided that it is not so directed into passage `as to interfere with the whirling and O." The collars C and E are provided with action: of the liquid to be nebulized. The cylindrical passage Z. is smoothly drilled out to a proper distance for obtaining the desired length of outlet H, leaving the impression` of the conical shape of the drill at the right, and then the outlet H is drilled from the outside, concentric with the axis of passage Z; passages A", O being shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The left end of the interior passage is threaded to receive plug K, which, on final assembly of plug V, is screwed therein to close the end of passage Z, but not sufficiently far to block inlet passage A, in a case where,"as shown, passage A is not formed through plug K, as it may be. Especial ains are tou e taken to make thesurface o passage Z as smooth as possible, in order notA to retain any obstruction which might interfere with whirling action. In support S the passages 'A4, O* are drilled by a tool entering through the mouth of the large recess which is subsequently operatively `divided into chambers A5, O5 by the insertion of plug V. The total area of both inlet means A and O is greater than that of outlet H.

lThe nebulizing action is believed to be as follows, the llquid to be nebulized, particularly dcrude `petroleum or gas-oil, en tering passage Z through inlet O, and an auxiliary Huid, preferably aeriform and elastic such as steam, or compressed 'air or gas, entering passage'Z through inlet A. If the dimensions of oil inlet O6 are not suitable as in said patent, to cause a suficiently high speed of 'the admitted oil, and if therd'imensions of the other passages are not coperatively suitable, to produce such a whirlingfilm orv skin of oil on the interior wall of passageZ as will cause perfect nebulization, then the auxiliary fluid, admitted into passage Z so as to Whirl therein, and preferably in the same direction as the whirlingoil film, but between it and the axis ofA passa e Z, and expanding slightly, but only slig tly in vsaidconiined passage in the same direction, causes an acceleration .offthe whirlin action of the oil film in passage Z such t at upon exit rom-outlet H the-oil is brokenup, by means ofthe operation of the apparatus, into extremely line nebulae. The shortness vof passage Z, and particularly a short distance between passages A, O, permits a maximum whirling effect of the auxiliary fluid upon the oil by providing work for the auxlliary fluid as soon as itis admitted into sa'id passage; inasmuch as the Aoil film apparently spreads slightly back toward the air inlet A6. 'It is preferable to admit the auxiliary Huid at least some little distance behind the oil, as shown, in order to obtain a maximum whir1- drilled as v ing effect upon all tlle'admitted oil, and to.

insure against too much air in the nebulizcd mixture outside of outlet H, partlcularlyin cases'where, b faulty valve-adjust-V ment, the pressure o the auxiliary fluid might .be so great as compared with the oil pressure, as to choke back the oil, which .might the more readily occur -if the auxiliary lfluidvinlet were not behind the oil inlet.A The'breaking up of the oil occurs instaatl upon its whirling exit from outlet H,

proba ly partly on account 'of the sudden expansion of the elastic auxiliary iuid as it leaves passa e H; and there is usually n o intermediate ormation, prior to nebulization.

o'f a hollow whirling oil bubble, as in the invention of said patent, although there is a whirling ofl the nebulous mass. There is apparently no brealdng up or mixture of the iiuids in the passage Z. The

- most ecient operation of the centrifugal this invention provides means auxiliary fluid in such way as action would be prevented by any action of impact u on the oil by the auxiliary iiuid in v passage a, or by any interference by any means with the freewhirling action of theor thisV reasonV 1 in and of itself, -no vanes, barriers, angles,

lto hammer the surface oil serrations, grooves, riding, or baliles of any kind which might cause the auxiliary duid film or interrupt the free action of said'whirlin'g lm. At-

.tempts to obtain whirling action of the`air or steamblast and of the oil, bymeans s uch as'helical serrations or rifling of the surface ofthe'cylindrical passage, or of anpinteriorstem, lresul't in merely spraying the oil'in comparatively large particles, and such meansre'duces the speed of rotatory iow in the. passage which Izh`ave found it apparently to be so 'necessary to retain and'ac# celerate, and would interfere with the whirl-Y 'actlon which occurs under the proper conditions herein specified, Within thev lsmooth interior surface of the cylindrical portion of the'passage Z ofthis invention'.V

The importance of the lack of obstructions in ,passage Z is so great, as I have found,

compared with the matter of whether or 'notthe auxiliary iiuid inlets Acarein the same clockwise direction as the oil inlets O", that when there are no obstructions, this'inven'-V tion'is operative, (although not to optimum degree), irrespective of the relative direction of the two kuid inlets, and of theflof cation of the auxiliary iiuid inlet provided -only that the latter, `{'in cases wherethe ec-A centricity of oil inlet O8 to passage Z 'suchl as to produce sufficient centrifugal ,action of the oil itself),

richment,

not to permit the redness of .thell ine', ugal shootin'groif'ovminute rockets of oil-I valves, Y Vfrom thelowest heat of a yellow flame, ,through the' increasing h eatof an increasisnot directed substantially parallel 'with the *axis -.of passage Z. The oil inlet O is preferably located to the left of the right end of the cylindrical -portion of the passage Z inorder to permit the oil to spread out into as thin' a film as possible over the 'smooth surface of thepassage.

The result of the action when both fluids emerge from outlet H, is a thorou h impreg'- nation of the nebulous mass of 011 with the expandedauxiliary fluid, which is obviously harmless in cases of gas production or en- (when the auxiliary duid may be the same as that which is being produced or enriched), and of vast value, inthe case of an oil? burner, in providing a concentrated supply of oxygen.- 4 f y y In operation as an oil burner, air valve A seat.

the combustion would not be'so good and smoke would result.) 1'lhen the -oil valve O 1s opened slightly just'oif its seat. The resultmg nebulous mass is then lighted with a match or torch. 'To increase the heat of the llame, each valve may be alternately and .gradually-opened wider unt-il a flame of the (Fig. 1) is st opened slightly just oft' its', (If the oil valve O were dpened first,

desired color and heat is obtained; z'. e., first oil valve O is opened Awider to furnish more fuel, land Vthen sufiicient air for complete combustion of the increased quantity of oil inthe produced nebulae isl provided by furtlierl opening air valve-A. The flame 1s hollow and conical and. in a constant state of rapidwhirlin The resence of too much oil in the nebu ae lis indicated by smoking, by

and by thecentrifnebulae partlcles,n'ot4 burned in themain iiame, but'gburning red in the atmosphere low in 'oxygen `outside of the main flame. By pro'pler regulation of the oil and air te'lieatoiv the flame can be increased ingly white dame, to the blueor hottest flame of very great 'heat suitable for forges and similar uses."

' The sha e ofthe flame may be variedi'n different evices by varying the length of outlet passage H, a short lengthl of which liov produces a short fat dame, a greater` length y producing a longer, thinner llame.

The simultaneous issuance at the Y,place wliere nebulization' occurs, e., the Aouter end of passage H) of both the oil and the expanding steam or air, apparently .results insurrounding each minute particle `of the nebulous body of o-il withfan envelop of expanding aeriform fluid rich in Lojxygen, the innumerable extremely minuteparticles' of oil apparently being closely packed together except for the oxygen envejV p of each one,

which highly'concentrated 'eombustiblemix ture seems toaccount for the highly corn-I bustible character of the product.l

When the apparatus is used as a burner in an atmosphere of air, cooling circulation means additional to the oil and air circulation is usually not needed, because the heat is localized away from the apparatus and toward vthe object to be heated, and because the base of the flame does not extend entirely back .to the apparatus on account of the blast ,away from the apparatus which results from the simultaneous exit from -the same small outlet oflboth the oil and expanding air or steam.

When the apparatus is used for gas production or l enrichment, the operator may proceed as 'above 'described for the burner use, the proper valve'adjustment being determined by considerations of the generatortemperature, and the quality and amount of oil-gas produced;` The val'ves A, O of Fig. 1 are here screwed to thc left ends of pipes A,

O9 of Fig. 2,-when the cooling apparatus in Fig. 2 is employed, as for the gas-producing use. In this use, the continuous production of .suitable nebulae generally requires the use of said cooling arrangement, because the apparatus must not be permittedto become so unduly heated as to carbonize the oil,` and it would become so heated without said cooling means on` account'of its location in the hot wall of, and projecting in'to, a hot retort or'generator. The same applies to the ca'se lof a burner used with a closed apparatus, such `as a furnace operated at high temperature.

Various oils may be used, either 'for oilnebulae burning or explosion, or for gasproductioin including the lighter hydrocarbons such as gasolene and kerosene; but

the invention is more particularly useful with theV heavier oils such as crude petroleum, gas-oils and liquid tar, which cannot be gasified without great heat unless first nebulized. Y

The invention is useful for any purpose when a combustible or explosive mixture is required as for an oil or gas engine supply;

wfpara'tus, as steamfrom the boiler heated by an embodiment fof the invention, or as air compressed by the gasengine operated by an embodiment of the invention.- The efficiency of such starting operation is largely due to the smooth unobstructed cylindrical surface of the passage Z of this invention, in addition to the short llength'o'f that passage,

although the efficiency is greatest when the' oil inlet area is sufficiently small to cause very high whirling action of the oil when thus used initially or otherwise without any auxiliary fluid.

The pressures used with each Huid may vary widely, (except that the pressure of the auxiliary fluid should not exceed that of the liquid to be nebulized), but thirty pounds. Veach is optimum for the example shown,

using gas-oil, and steam or compressed air. On account of the whirling function of the auxiliary fluid, when it is so admitted as to so operate or cooperate, the dimensions of the different passages may be various, 'and need not be so small as to thereby obtain a suiiciently high admission speed and resulting suitable whirling action and nebulizat-ion ;althougli the 'use ofsuf'liciently small oil inlets to contribute to the effective speed of whirling action will contribute to the efficiencyl lof the yapparatus with respect tol neness of produced, oil nebulae. When` there is combined with the invention of saidy patent, as by the use of'sucli effectively small passages,l the feature o f this invention wherein the auxiliary fluid positively contributes to the centrifugal action, the resulting'nebul are finer than can be obtained by the use of the invention of said patent alone.

The device' of the dimensions herein disclosed however, constitutes av marvelously effective embodiment for all cases.

The use of the whirling auxiliary fluid in this invention, in addition to its other important. functions, constitutes -a feature of great value in apparatus of this open centrifugal type, in that it provides an efficient means for regulating-the amount-of liquid lwhich is nehulized. In said patent the pre-- ferred method of regulation consisted in providing a pluralit of separately acting and controlled -nebu izers, one or more of which were to be entirely shut off when a smaller product of nebulization was Arequired; (although another method was to vary the length of passage Z) and the va-- riations accomplished by varying the amount .of oil supplied to the passage Z for a single nebulizer, caused an accompanying undesirable variation in neness Vof the prol duced nebulae, on account of the resulting variation inthe centrifugal action due to the variation in the speed of admission of the oil into the passage. In the present invention, however, the use of the auxiliary fiuid in such way as to aid' the whirling action of the oil, permits the variation within wide limits of the amount and pressure of [the oil'supply, without'material alteration' of the'character. of'the produced nebulae. Y O' The auxiliary fluid pressure-may also be varied within wide limits', (except that its pressure should not exceed that of the liquid tobe nebulized) particularly when the whirling action of the oil due to the invention of said patent. is employed, and indeed in Such case the auxiliary Huid pressure may be as low'as will permit a proper supply of a plurality of nebulizers in any case for the purpose of regulation; although it may sometimes be desirable to use a plurality for the purpose ofobtaining flamesI of shapes or areas suitable for heating partieular'objects, orto obtain a very large flame to heat some object of large area, such as a steam boiler; although the shape of. a single flame may be modi-fied as by varyingthe length of outlet H, as above explained, The regulation permitted by this invention is practically unlimited, such that a given device can eiliciently operate on from a fraction of a quart of oil per hour up to a plurality of barrels of,oil per hour, with perfect nebulization for any degree of oil supply.

In departing from the dimensions shown herein, (as for the purpose of obtaining devices for various standard capacities), the general proportions should be followed in this respect, that 'withA larger inlet area, there should be larger sizes of passage Z 'and larger diameters of outlet H. It is not necessary to use only a single inlet for either the auxiliary fluid or the oil. When the total inlet area of each is substantially increased, particularly to such an extent as to make the construction awkward or to'necessitate too great a distance between the inlets A6 and O6, then each inlet means may consist of a series, preferably. annular, of inlets, as is indicated in. Fig. 5. IIrthis case, the best operation will result from an increased length, as well'as diameter, of the passage Z; and in any such case', each of the individual oilinlets O6 may be sufficiently small to alone obtain extremely fine nebulae with, out the positive assistance of the auxiliar Huid for that purpose 5 the latter, however, being preferably admittedv eccentrically in su'ch case, or so as not to interfere with the whirling action of the oil, s'chas would re sult from a supply axially of the passage Z. yI claim: l

l. In a liquid nebulizer, the combination with a support provided with means for `receiving a plurality of pipe connections` and with a recess adapted for the reception of 4a nebulizer plug, and having passages respectively communicating between said re`.

cess and pipe-receiving means; of a nebulizing plug secured in the 'recess in said support and dividing the recess intoV separate chambers, said plug being provided with a i short substantially unobstructed main passage having a relatively small concentric -outlet at its end, and a plurality of eccentrically directed inlet means into said main passage, said inlet means being arranged to communicate with the respective chambers into which the recess in the support isdivided by means of the nebulizing plug. ,r 2. In a liquid nebulizer, the combination with a support provided with means for receiving a plurality of pipe-connections and Y .in the recess lin said support and dividing.

the recess into separate chambers, said plug being provided with a short substantially unobstructed main passage having a relatively small concentric. outlet atits end, and a plurality of eccentrically directed inlet `means into said main passage, said inlet means being arranged to communicate with the respective chambers into which the recess in the support is divided by means of the nebulizer plug; a' cooling fluidcirculator secured to said support; a supply pipe ex'- tending through the fluid circulator and secured .in said support; and supporting. meansfor the other endA of said pipe and secured to the Huid circulator.

3. In a nebulizing apparatus, the combination with a support constructed with a recess/ to receive a nebulizing plug.; of a nebulizingplug secured in said recess and dividing the same into two separate chambers, said support being constructed' with passages communicating between said chambers and sources of supply; said'nebulizing plug being provided with a short substantially unobstructed main passage having a relatively small outletl at its end; and said sages from the said .respective chambers to t-he main passage, which passages are dis-4 posed substantially eccentrically with revspect tothe main passage of the nebulizing 4. A liquid ynebulizer having a plug structure provided with a short substantially unobstructed main passage having a relatively small concentric outlet passage at its end, and exterior screw threads, and unthreaded .exterior portions of less diameter than said .threads and on opposite sides thereof, and separate eccentric inlet means extending from said unthreaded portions directly into said main passage.

5. A. nebulizer of`liquid having a plug structure provided with a, short substanplug being constructed with separate pas` tially unobstructed main ig'passage, having a relatively small concentric. outlet at its end, and separate inlet ,means into said passage for the liquidtobe nebulized and for an auxiliary iiuid, one of said inlety means being inclined substantially tangentially to the wall of said main passage, each of said inlet means comprising a series of passages annularly arranged around said main passage, and onev of the :two annular series' of passages being located between the other and said 'concentric outlet.

6. A liquid nebulizer having a plug structure provided 'with a short substantially unobstructed main passage, having a relatively small outlet at its end; inlet means into said passa-ge, for the liquid to be nebulized; and inlet means f or auxiliary fluid, which comprises a series of inlets into said passage arranged annularly around the passage, one of said inlet means being inclined substantially tangentially to the' wall'of the main passage.

7. A nebulizing'plug constructed with a v short, substantially unobstructed main pasof said supplypassages sage having a relatively small end outlet Y assage tothe exterior of the plug, in cominsationwitha plug-support arranged with the plug'fto have .two separate .chambers communicating with openings for .supply pipes; said plug being constructed with separate supply passages from said respective chambers, which supply passages communicate with said main passage of the plug, one

eing disposed eccentrically with respect to said main pas- .Sgef v 8. In an apparatus for liquid nebulizing... a structure rovided with a main passage,

two series o supplypassages for liquid fuel and an auxiliary {iui opening into the main passage, and a constricted outlet assage; said main passage being substantial y cylindrical-and hollow, and substantially unobstructed throughout its diameter and inside wall surface; each series of supply lpassages being located in an annular series around the main passage, and the inlet openings of each series into the main passage, being directed into tlie side of the main passage and toward a portion of the wall of only one side ofthe main passage,.aiid the inlet openings of the outlet pgssages of one series, into the main passa e,

ing directed eccentrically relative to t e main passage, thereby causing both fluids to be whirled in the main passage; and said passage being located at the end of the main passage and concentric therewith. v -9. In a nebu izing apparatus, the com# bination with a support having two separate assages for a liquid supply and an auxiliary.

uid-supply, of a nebulzin lu removabl mounted in the supportg aiidirovided witblsupply dpassages communicating with `tipa'ssages lathe support, said plug having also a main passage and constricted outlet passage,` the main passage being sub- Stantially cylindrical andhollow and substantially unobstructed throughout its diameter and inside wall surface, and the constricted outlet being located at the end of the main assage and concentric therewith; and the in et opening of each of said supply passages in the plug, into the main passage, be-

ing diiected'into the side of the main assage and toward a portion of tlie wal of only one side of the main passage; the inlet opening of'one of said supply passa-ges in the plug, into the main passage, being directed eccentrically relative to the ina-in passage and thereby causing-the liquid to be whirled in the main passa-ge.

10. In a liquid nebulizer, the combination with a support having recesses for pipe connections and a' recess for a nebulizing plug, of a hollow nebulizing plug removably secured in the latter recess to form separate chambers in said recess, passages from said chambers to the interior of the plug, passages from the pipe connection recesses to said chambers, -and supply pipes mounted in the pipe connection recesses.

11. In a liquid nebulizer,4 the combination with a suppe-rt constructed with a recess in one face to receive a nebulizing plug, of a cooling iiuid circulator secured to the support on its opposite face, a nebulizing plug removably secured in its recess inthe support, and supply pipes extending through the .fluid circulator and mounted in the support, said .supportbeing constructed with passages communicating between the supply pipes and the recess for the nebulizing plug.

12. In a liquid nebulizer, thel combination with a support constructed with a recess in oney face to receive a nebulizing lug, of aV cooling fluid circulator secured tot esupport on its opposite face, a nebulizing plug removably secured in its recess in the support,

and supply pipes extending through the fluid circulator and mounted in the support,l said support bein constructed with passages communicating etween the supply pipes and the recess for the nebulizing plug; and

`a twin pipe structure secured to the fluid circulator and communicating with said supply pipes.

13. In a liquid nebulizer, the combina ,tion with a support constructed with a recess lizing` plug removably secured in its recess in i the support, a packing collar secured over the end ofthe fluid circulator, a twin pipe Structure secured to -said packing collar, and

supply pipes mounted in recesses in the support, extending through the fluid' circulator and communicating with the respective passages in the twin plpe structure.

A l JOHN HENRY STRNGHAM.

Witnesses:

N. ANTHONY, u JOHN B, ELMENDORF. 

